What Are the Causes of Obstructive Sleep Apnea?

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a serious sleep disorder that affects millions of Americans. It occurs when the airway becomes blocked during sleep, causing breathing to stop repeatedly throughout the night. These pauses in breathing can last for several seconds and occur dozens or even hundreds of times per night, leading to poor sleep quality and a range of health complications. Understanding the causes and risk factors of OSA is essential for early detection and effective treatment.

Common Causes and Risk Factors of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

OSA is primarily caused by airway obstruction, which can result from various anatomical and physiological factors. The most common causes include:

1. Excess Weight and Obesity

One of the leading risk factors for OSA is excess body weight. Studies show that approximately 70% of individuals with OSA are overweight or obese. Excess fat around the neck and throat can put pressure on the airway, making it more likely to collapse during sleep. A neck circumference greater than 17 inches in men and 16 inches in women significantly increases the risk of OSA.

2. Anatomical Features

Some people are naturally predisposed to OSA due to their anatomy. Factors that can contribute to airway blockage include:

• A narrow throat or airway
• Large tonsils or adenoids (common in children)
• A recessed jaw or large tongue, which can block airflow
• Nasal congestion or structural abnormalities like a deviated septum

3. Age and Gender

OSA can affect anyone, but it is more common in men. Men are twice as likely to develop OSA as women. However, postmenopausal women also face an increased risk due to hormonal changes. Additionally, older adults are at higher risk because muscle tone in the throat naturally decreases with age, making airway collapse more likely.

4. Family History

Genetics can play a role in OSA risk. If a close family member has OSA, your chances of developing the condition are higher. This may be due to inherited anatomical traits, such as a narrow airway or enlarged tongue.

5. Smoking and Alcohol Use

Lifestyle habits like smoking and alcohol consumption can contribute to OSA. Smokers are three times more likely to develop OSA than non-smokers because smoking causes inflammation and fluid retention in the airway. Alcohol relaxes throat muscles, increasing the likelihood of airway collapse during sleep.

6. Medical Conditions

Certain medical conditions can increase the risk of OSA, including:

• High blood pressure (50% of individuals with hypertension have OSA)
• Type 2 diabetes (up to 83% of diabetics have OSA)
• Heart disease
• Asthma and chronic nasal congestion

How Dental Sleep Medicine Can Help Treat Sleep Apnea

While Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy is a common treatment for OSA, many patients find it uncomfortable or difficult to use consistently. Fortunately, dental sleep medicine offers an effective, non-invasive alternative.

Oral appliance therapy includes a custom-fitted oral appliance that can help keep the airway open by repositioning the jaw and tongue during sleep. These devices are comfortable, portable, and easy to use, making them an excellent CPAP alternative for mild to moderate OSA. The benefits of dental sleep medicine include:

• Non-invasive and comfortable – No need for bulky masks or machines.
• Improves sleep quality – Reduces snoring and breathing interruptions.
• Enhances overall health – Helps lower blood pressure and reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke.
• Convenient and travel-friendly – Small and easy to take anywhere.

Find Effective Sleep Apnea Treatment in Atlanta

At Atlanta Sleep Apnea Treatment Center, we specialize in custom oral appliances that provide long-lasting relief from OSA. If you or a loved one is struggling with snoring, fatigue, or other signs of sleep apnea, schedule a consultation today to explore your treatment options. A better night’s sleep leads to a healthier, more energized life!